Meaning
“Self-contradictory” literally refers to a conflict between one’s own statements or actions. It describes a situation where someone says or does things that conflict with each other, making their position or argument illogical or impossible to believe.
Word breakdown
- 自 (zì) – oneself
- 相 (xiāng) – each other
- 矛 (máo) – spear
- 盾 (dùn) – shield
The idiom originates from a story about a man selling both a spear that could pierce anything and a shield that could block anything, claiming both at the same time—an obvious contradiction.
Historical Origin
The idiom comes from a famous anecdote recorded in Han Feizi (《韩非子》) during the Warring States period.
A merchant was selling a spear and a shield. He claimed his spear was so sharp that it could pierce any shield, and his shield was so strong that it could block any spear. When asked what would happen if he used the spear to attack his shield, he was unable to answer.
This story illustrates the absurdity of contradictory claims.
Modern Usage
自相矛盾 is used to describe:
- Contradictory statements or behavior
- Logical inconsistencies
- Hypocrisy or double standards
Example situations
- A politician promising two opposing policies
- Someone praising and criticizing the same person at the same time
- Arguments that cancel themselves out
Example sentences
- 他说的话前后矛盾，明显自相矛盾。
(What he said contradicts itself; it’s clearly self-contradictory.) - 你不能一方面说节约，一方面又浪费，这样很自相矛盾。
(You can’t say save money while wasting at the same time—that’s very self-contradictory.)
Short Story
李明卖矛和盾。他说：“我的矛无坚不摧。”又说：“我的盾固若金汤。”有人问他：“如果用你的矛去刺你的盾，会怎么样？”
李明哑口无言。
大家都笑他自相矛盾。
English Translation
Li Ming sold spears and shields. He said, “My spear can pierce anything.” He also said, “My shield can block anything.” Someone asked him, “What will happen if you use your spear to stab your shield?”
Li Ming was speechless.
Everyone laughed at his self-contradiction.
Traditional Chinese Characters
自相矛盾
Conclusion
自相矛盾 highlights the importance of consistency in speech and behavior. Contradictory claims undermine credibility and logic. This idiom reminds us to think carefully and avoid making statements that conflict with each other.